Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. [145], When the Great Depression struck in 1929, much of Tennessee was severely impoverished even by national standards. [306][307] The state is also one of the top producers of food and drink products, its second-largest manufacturing sector. The Nashville market is the third-largest in the Upland South and the ninth-largest in the southeastern United States, according to Nielsen Media Research. [243] Winter storms such as in 1993 and 2021 occur occasionally, and ice storms are fairly common. The state's industrial and manufacturing sector continued to expand in the succeeding decades, and Tennessee is now home to more than 2,400 advanced manufacturing establishments, which produce a total of more than $29 billion worth of goods annually. [455] Chattanooga Red Wolves SC has been a member of the third-tier USL League One since 2019. [185][186] Other regions include the southern tip of the Cumberland Mountains, the Western Tennessee Valley, and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. [381] Known as "Tennessee's Main Street", I-40 serves the major cities of Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and throughout its entire length in Tennessee, one can observe the diversity of the state's geography and landforms. [333][334][335] Its top tourist attraction is the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the most visited national park in the U.S., with more than 14 million visitors annually. The highest recorded temperature was 113F (45C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930, while the lowest recorded temperature was 32F (36C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917. Several suburban areas of Nashville and Memphis also contain significant Democratic minorities. [148][149] The agency quickly grew into the country's largest electric utility and initiated a period of dramatic economic growth and transformation that brought many new industries and employment opportunities to the state. [118] The Radical Republicans seized control of the state government toward the end of the war, and appointed William G. "Parson" Brownlow governor. Tennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! [259] The foreign-born population consisted of approximately 49.9% from Latin America, 27.1% from Asia, 11.9% from Europe, 7.7% from Africa, 2.7% from Northern America, and 0.6% from Oceania. A new state park that traces the state's history, Bicentennial Mall, was opened at the foot of Capitol Hill in Nashville. [295] Tennessee farmers are also known worldwide for their cultivation of tomatoes and horticultural plants. WebTennessee's third-largest city perfectly blends outdoor recreation with urban amenities. [328] Iron ore was another major mineral mined in Tennessee until the early 20th century. [268] Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. [229] Appalachian oakpine and cove hardwood forests are found in the Blue Ridge Mountains and Cumberland Plateau, and bottomland hardwood forests are common throughout the Gulf Coastal Plain. [232] Middle Tennessee is home to many unusual and rare ecosystems known as cedar glades, which occur in areas with shallow limestone bedrock that is largely barren of overlying soil and contain many endemic plant species. [347] The Tennessee State Museum in Nashville chronicles the state's history and culture. [26], Spanish conquistadors who explored the region in the 16th century encountered some of the Mississippian peoples, including the Muscogee Creek, Yuchi, and Shawnee. [394] The legislature can override a veto by a simple majority, and the state has no "pocket veto". Alvin C. York of Fentress County became one of the most famous and honored American soldiers of World War I. [210] West of this is the Gulf Coastal Plain, a broad feature that begins at the Gulf of Mexico and extends northward into southern Illinois. Its economy is dominated by the health care, music, finance, automotive, chemical, electronics, and tourism sectors, and cattle, soybeans, corn, poultry, and cotton are its primary agricultural products. [458], The state is home to 12 NCAA Division I programs. [269][270], Since colonization, Tennessee has always been predominantly Christian. [155] The next year, nearby Clinton High School was integrated, and Tennessee National Guard troops were sent in after pro-segregationists threatened violence. [219], About half the state's land area is in the Tennessee Valley drainage basin of the Tennessee River. [419], Between the end of the Civil War and the mid-20th century, Tennessee was part of the Democratic Solid South, but had the largest Republican minority of any former Confederate state. [233], Common mammals found throughout Tennessee include white-tailed deer, red and gray foxes, coyotes, raccoons, opossums, wild turkeys, rabbits, and squirrels. The state averages 15 tornadoes annually. [267] In 2010, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were American (26.5%), English (8.2%), Irish (6.6%), German (5.5%), and Scotch-Irish (2.7%). [227] The Nashville Basin is renowned for its diversity of flora and fauna. [197], Stretching west from the Blue Ridge Mountains for about 55 miles (89km) are the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also known as the Tennessee Valley[c] or Great Valley of East Tennessee. Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. [423], During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free blacks were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. [349] Stax Records in Memphis became one of the most important labels for soul artists in the late 1950s and 1960s, and a subgenre known as Memphis soul emerged. The state is about 440 miles (710km) long from east to west and 112 miles (180km) wide from north to south. [138], Sgt. [285] Property taxes are the primary source of revenue for local governments. [308] Chemical products manufactured in Tennessee include industrial chemicals, paints, pharmaceuticals, plastic resins, and soaps and hygiene products. [202] The Cumberland Mountains, with peaks above 3,500 feet (1,100m), comprise the northeastern part of the Appalachian Plateau in Tennessee, and the southeastern part of the Cumberland Plateau is divided by the Sequatchie Valley. ", "Archaeology & the Native Peoples of Tennessee", McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture, "Treaties and Land Cessions Involving the Cherokee Nation", "Andrew Johnson and Emancipation in Tennessee", "Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War", "This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee", "The Constitution of the United States Of America Analysis And Interpretation Centennial Edition Interim Edition: Analysis Of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court Of The United States To June 26, 2013s", "Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866", "Yellow fever epidemic changes course of Memphis history in 'Fever Season', "Sergeant York, War Hero, Dies; Killed 25 Germans and Captured 132 in Argonne Battle", "Tennessee Valley Authority created, May 18, 1933", The TVA Transmission System: Facts, Figures and Trends, "The TVA and the Relocation of Mattie Randolph", "Forced Relocations Presented More of an Ordeal than an Opportunity for Norris Reservoir Families", "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "Time Looks Back: The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "The last sermon, Memphis, April 3, 1968", "100 Years: Tennessee's Interstate System", "Overton Park's Citizens and Their Successful Battle Against the Highway", "The world came to Knoxville in May 1982", "Sweet Lips and Rest of Tennessee Blow a Kiss", "Shooting the Rapids: How a Small East Tennessee Community Struck Olympic Gold", "States across U.S. still cling to outdated gay marriage bans", "A Lawyer, 40 Dead Americans, and a Billion Gallons of Coal Sludge", "Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people", "TVA to auction 62 parcels in Kingston after ash spill cleanup completed", "Nine things about Tennessee geography that may surprise you", "From Alabama to Wyoming, this is how each state got its shape", "Pieces of the Past: Supreme Court looked at controversy over Bristol border location", "How Georgia got its northern boundary and why we can't get water from the Tennessee River", "Are you prepared for an earthquake? [428] During the first half of the 20th century, state politics were dominated by the Democratic Crump machine in Memphis. Most of the Blue Ridge area is protected by the Cherokee National Forest, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and several federal wilderness areas and state parks. [308] A number of well-known brands originated in Tennessee, and even more are produced there. [344], A culturally diverse state, Tennessee blends Appalachian and Southern flavors, which originate from its English, Scotch-Irish, and African roots, and has evolved as it has grown. The executive branch also includes several agencies, boards, and commissions, some of which are under the auspices of one of the cabinet-level departments. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. [29] They forced the Creek, Yuchi, and Shawnee out of the state in the early 18th century. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. Large corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone, International Paper, and First Horizon Corporation, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group in Knoxville; Hospital Corporation of America based in Nashville; Unum in Chattanooga; Acadia Senior Living and Community Health Systems in Franklin; Dollar General in Goodlettsville, and LifePoint Health, Tractor Supply Company, and Delek US in Brentwood. [271] The largest denominations by number of adherents are the Southern Baptist Convention, the United Methodist Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Churches of Christ. Rapid civilizational development occurred during the Mississippian period, when Indigenous peoples developed organized chiefdoms and constructed numerous ceremonial structures throughout the state. [170], In 2002, Tennessee amended its constitution to establish a lottery. I-275 is a short spur route in Knoxville. Lee's 2nd term inauguration scheduled for Jan. 21. [183] An 1818 survey erroneously placed Tennessee's southern border 1 mile (1.6km) south of the 35th parallel; Georgia legislators continue to dispute this placement, as it prevents Georgia from accessing the Tennessee River. The first of the bombs was detonated in Los Alamos, New Mexico, in a test code-named Trinity, and the second, nicknamed "Little Boy", was dropped on Imperial Japan at the end of World War II. And climate change has made that a very big deal", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Analysis", "Minerals and Mining of the Copper Basin", "Mining the Copper Basin in Southeast Tennessee", The Brown Iron Ores of West-Middle Tennessee, "A Detailed Look At How Americans Travel Within The US", "Report: State, East TN counties travel, tourism industries saw record-breaking growth in 2019", 2019 Economic Impact of Travel on Tennessee, "Tourism in Tennessee Shattered Records with $23 Billion in Travel Spending and 126 Million Domestic Person Stays in 2019", "Five TN roads designated as National Scenic Byway or All-American Road", "Study: TVA lakes have nearly $12 billion economic impact to region", "4 Ways to Experience History at the Tennessee State Museum", "Memphis Unmatched for American Music History", "How Did Nashville Become the Hub of Country Music? [75][76] Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796, as the 16th state and the first created from federal territory. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. [195], The southwestern Blue Ridge Mountains lie within Tennessee's eastern edge, and are divided into several subranges, namely the Great Smoky Mountains, Bald Mountains, Unicoi Mountains, Unaka Mountains, and Iron Mountains. [172] On December 23, 2008, the largest industrial waste spill in United States history occurred at TVA's Kingston Fossil Plant when more than 1.1 billion gallons of coal ash slurry was accidentally released into the Emory and Clinch Rivers. [155] Between February and May 1960, a series of sit-ins at segregated lunch counters in Nashville organized by the Nashville Student Movement resulted in the desegregation of facilities in the city. [353][354] Nashville became known as "Music City", and the Grand Ole Opry remains the nation's longest-running radio show. 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